背景介绍
今天我们来学习一下，使用Python如何绘制常见的二维图形。
教程代码可直接复制，粘贴到python的IDE中进行运行即可出图。
软件介绍
[软件名称]：Anaconda | Spyder
[软件安装]：可以参考下方这个推文
Anaconda的下载和安装
基础绘图
折线图
# 导入库 import matplotlib.pyplot as plt # 设置数据 date = [0,3,7,10,15,20,21,25,26,30] body_temp = [36.8, 37.2, 37.6,37.8,38.5, 38.2, 38.0, 37.5, 37.6, 36.8] # 绘制折线图 plt.plot(date,body_temp, # 设置颜色 color = "r", # 设置线型 linestyle = "--", # 设置标记 marker = "o") # 设置x标签 plt.xlabel("Date (day)") # 设置y标签 plt.ylabel("Body temperature (℃)") # 设置标题 plt.title("The change of body temperature") # 设置x轴的标签 plt.xticks([0,10,20,30]) # 设置y轴的标签 plt.yticks([36,37,38,39]) plt.show()
多条折线
# 导入库 import matplotlib.pyplot as plt # 设置数据 date = [0,3,7,10,15,20,21,25,26,30] body_temp = [36.8, 37.2, 37.6,37.8,38.5, 38.2, 38.0, 37.5, 37.6, 36.8] body_temp2 = [36.3, 36.8, 36.9, 37.1,37.5, 38.2, 37.9, 37.8, 37.7, 36.4] # 绘制第一条线 plt.plot(date,body_temp, color = "r", marker = "+", label = "Line1") # 绘制第二条线 plt.plot(date,body_temp2, color = "g", marker = "^", label = "Line2") plt.xlabel("Date (day)") plt.ylabel("Body temperature (℃)") plt.title("The change of body temperature") plt.legend()
散点图
# 导入库 import matplotlib.pyplot as plt # 设置数据 date = [0,3,7,10,15,20,21,25,26,30] body_temp = [36.8, 37.2, 37.6,37.8,38.5, 38.2, 38.0, 37.5, 37.6, 36.8] plt.scatter(date,body_temp, color = "r") plt.show()
两个散点图
# 导入库 import matplotlib.pyplot as plt # 导入库 import matplotlib.pyplot as plt # 设置数据 date = [0,3,7,10,15,20,21,25,26,30] body_temp = [36.8, 37.2, 37.6,37.8,38.5, 38.2, 38.0, 37.5, 37.6, 36.8] body_temp2 = [36.3, 36.8, 36.9, 37.1,37.5, 38.2, 37.9, 37.8, 37.7, 36.4] # 绘制第一条线 plt.scatter(date,body_temp, color = "r", marker = "+", label = "Line1") # 绘制第二条线 plt.scatter(date,body_temp2, color = "g", marker = "^", label = "Line2") plt.xlabel("Date (day)") plt.ylabel("Body temperature (℃)") plt.title("The change of body temperature") plt.legend()
柱状图
# 导入库 import matplotlib.pyplot as plt # 设置数据 date = [0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9] body_temp = [36.8, 37.2, 37.6,37.8,38.5, 38.2, 38.0, 37.5, 37.6, 36.8] plt.bar(date,body_temp, color = "r") plt.ylim(36,39) plt.xlabel("Date (day)") plt.ylabel("Body temperature (℃)") plt.title("The change of body temperature") plt.legend()
色彩斑斓的柱状图
通过给与三个或多个颜色连续性填充
# 导入库 import matplotlib.pyplot as plt # 设置数据 date = [0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9] body_temp = [36.8, 37.2, 37.6,37.8,38.5, 38.2, 38.0, 37.5, 37.6, 36.8] plt.bar(date,body_temp, # 填充三种颜色 color = ["r","g","b"], # 填充形状 hatch = ["/"]) plt.ylim(36,39) plt.xlabel("Date (day)") plt.ylabel("Body temperature (℃)") plt.title("The change of body temperature") plt.legend()
其他的填充形状
'/', '\', '|', '-', '+', 'x','o', 'O', '.', '*'
饼图
# 导入库 import matplotlib.pyplot as plt # 设置数据 value = [100,200,300,400,500] label = ["a","b","c","d","e"] # 绘图 plt.pie(x = value,labels = label, # 设置颜色 colors = ['y','g','c','gray',"b"], # 添加阴影 shadow = True, # 添加百分比 autopct = "%1.1f%%", # 设置标签距离 pctdistance = 0.8, # 设置角度 startangle = 90)
空心饼图
# 导入库 import matplotlib.pyplot as plt # 设置数据 value = [100,200,300,400,500] label = ["a","b","c","d","e"] # 绘图 plt.pie(x = value,labels = label, colors = ['y','g','c','gray',"b"], autopct = "%1.1f%%", pctdistance = 0.8, startangle = 90, # 设置空心距离 wedgeprops = dict(width = 0.5))
箱线图/小提琴图
# 导入库 import matplotlib.pyplot as plt # 设置数据 data1 = [8,3,19,12,14,56,40,36,27,10,11] data2 = [1,3,15,12,15,30,13,16,27,10,11] data3 = [8,3,10,12,14,56,67,36,27,10,100] #箱子图 plt.boxplot([data1,data2,data3], labels = ["data1","data2","data3"]) #小提琴图 plt.violinplot([data1,data2,data3])
常见的图可能就这些了，没有介绍的，之后再介绍一下！
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